Your Complete Guide to Buying a Pre-Owned Wheelchair

Considering a pre-owned wheelchair is a smart way to find a quality mobility aid without the high cost of a brand-new model. To make a great choice, however, you need to know exactly what to look for. This guide provides everything you need to inspect, measure, and select the right used wheelchair for your needs.

Why a Pre-Owned Wheelchair Can Be a Great Option

The most significant advantage of buying a used wheelchair is the cost savings. New wheelchairs, especially specialized or electric models, can be very expensive. A pre-owned chair can often be purchased for a fraction of the original price, making essential mobility more accessible.

However, it’s important to be a careful shopper. Used wheelchairs typically don’t come with a warranty, and you are responsible for any repairs or part replacements. That’s why a thorough inspection before you buy is not just recommended; it’s essential for your safety and comfort.

The Pre-Purchase Inspection: A Detailed Checklist

Never buy a used wheelchair without inspecting it carefully first. Use this checklist to examine every critical component to ensure it is safe, functional, and in good condition.

1. The Frame

The frame is the skeleton of the wheelchair, and its integrity is non-negotiable.

Check for Damage: Look over every tube and joint for cracks, dents, or bends. Pay close attention to welded areas, as this is where stress fractures can appear.
Look for Rust: Surface rust might be cosmetic, but deep or widespread rust can weaken the metal and compromise safety.
Folding Mechanism: If it’s a folding chair, open and close it several times. The mechanism should work smoothly without excessive force or grinding noises. Ensure it locks securely in both the open and closed positions.

2. Wheels and Tires

The wheels are where the chair meets the road, so they must be in excellent shape.

Tires: For air-filled (pneumatic) tires, check the pressure and look for cracks or bald spots in the rubber. For solid tires, check for significant wear, flat spots, or chunks of missing material.
Spokes: On the large rear wheels, check that all spokes are present, straight, and tight. Pluck them gently like a guitar string; they should all have a similar tension. Loose or broken spokes can cause the wheel to wobble or even collapse.
Bearings: Lift each wheel off the ground and spin it. It should spin freely, quietly, and for a long time. Any grinding, clicking, or wobbling indicates that the wheel bearings are worn and need to be replaced.
Casters: The small front wheels, called casters, should swivel 360 degrees without sticking. Check for wobbling, which could mean worn stems or bearings.

3. Brakes and Locks

Functional brakes are a critical safety feature.

Test Each Brake: Engage and disengage the wheel locks on both sides. They should lock onto the tire firmly and prevent the wheel from moving. It should take a firm, positive push to engage them.
Check for Wear: Look at the part of the brake that contacts the tire. If it is worn down, it may not hold securely.

4. Upholstery and Seating

The seat and backrest are key to comfort and support.

Inspect the Fabric: Look for rips, frayed edges, or tears in the vinyl or nylon seat and backrest.
Check for Sagging: Sit in the chair. The seat should feel supportive. If it sags excessively, it won’t provide proper posture support and will likely need to be replaced.
Hygiene: Check for stains or odors. While upholstery can be cleaned, heavy staining may be a sign of poor maintenance.

5. Armrests and Footrests

These components are essential for comfort, support, and safe transfers.

Adjustability: If the armrests are adjustable, make sure the mechanism works correctly and they lock securely at different heights.
Padding: Check the condition of the armrest pads. Worn or cracked pads can be uncomfortable.
Footrests: Ensure the footrests (or leg rests) swing away or detach properly. If they are height-adjustable, test the mechanism. The locking pins should be secure.

Special Considerations for Power (Electric) Wheelchairs

Buying a used power wheelchair requires a few extra inspection steps, as the electrical components are expensive to replace.

Batteries: This is the most important check. Ask the seller how old the batteries are. Most wheelchair batteries last 1-2 years. Ask if you can test drive the chair for an extended period to see if the charge holds. A battery that drains quickly will need immediate replacement.
Joystick and Controls: Test the controller. It should be responsive, allowing the chair to move smoothly at all speeds, turn, and stop without any jerking or delays.
Motors: Listen to the motors as the chair runs. They should sound smooth. Any loud grinding or whining noises can be a sign of a serious problem.
Wiring: Visually inspect all accessible wiring. Look for frayed wires, cracked insulation, or loose connectors.

Getting the Right Fit is Crucial

A wheelchair that doesn’t fit properly can cause discomfort, poor posture, and even pressure sores. Before you buy, take these key measurements of the person who will be using the chair.

Seat Width: The most important measurement. It should be wide enough to be comfortable but snug enough to provide support. A good rule of thumb is to have about one inch of space between the user’s hips and the side of the chair.
Seat Depth: This ensures proper leg support. The seat should end about two inches from the back of the user’s knees to prevent circulation issues.
Seat-to-Floor Height: The user’s feet should rest comfortably on the footplates with their thighs nearly parallel to the floor.

Where to Find Quality Pre-Owned Wheelchairs

You can find used wheelchairs in several places.

Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Retailers: Some medical supply stores sell certified, refurbished wheelchairs. These may cost more than a private sale but have often been professionally inspected and serviced.
Online Marketplaces: Websites like eBay and Facebook Marketplace have many listings. Be sure to arrange an in-person inspection before committing to a purchase.
Charities and Non-Profits: Organizations like The Wheelchair Foundation, local senior centers, or disability advocacy groups sometimes receive donated wheelchairs that they pass on for free or at a very low cost.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much should a used wheelchair cost? Prices vary widely based on type, age, and condition. A basic used manual wheelchair might cost between $50 and $250, while a used power wheelchair in good condition could range from $500 to several thousand dollars, which is still a significant saving from its new price.

How do you clean a used wheelchair? Start by wiping down the frame, wheels, and plastic components with a disinfectant cleaner. Upholstery can usually be cleaned with mild soap and water, but check for any manufacturer instructions. Let it air dry completely.

Is it safe to buy a used wheelchair online? It can be, but you must be cautious. Never purchase a wheelchair sight unseen. Always insist on a thorough in-person inspection and test drive before any money changes hands to ensure it is exactly as described and safe to use.